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Valium is indicated in the management of short term anxiety disorders. Anxiety associated with the stresses of daily life is not an indication for valium consumption. In hospitals, valium is frequently used to treat the agitation and delirium tremens that may occur after acute alcohol withdrawal. It is also useful in the relief of skeletal muscle spasms, spasticity (such as in cerebral palsy) and for use in status epilepticus. The drug should be periodically assessed by the physician to determine if it is clinically useful to the patient.

The side effects of valium are obvious. Drowsiness, lethargy, gait problems mental confusion, vertigo and impaired judgement are common side effects. Since valium impairs mental judgement, it is recommended that individuals not drive vehicles or operate any machinery while taking the drug. The side effects of valium are augmented by consumption of alcohol or other central nervous depressants. In fact, consuming valium with alcohol can result in a potentially fatal overdose.

When valium is used as an adjunct in the treatment of seizures, an increase in dosage of the primary anti seizure drug may be required. The concomitant administration of valium and anti-convulsants may precipitate an increase in certain seizure activity, specifically tonic-clonic seizures.
Little over a decade after its 1963 debut on the prescription-drug market in the United States, Valium had become a widely prescribed tranquilizer and began attracting media attention for what was seen as its rampant abuse. Reports found that many prescriptions for diazepam, Valium's generic name, were written by general practitioners, not mental-health professionals, and that a disproportionate number were given to women over 30 to control so-called "free-floating" anxiety.

Valium, taken from the Latin word meaning "to be strong and well" and classified as an anxiolytic, or anxiety-dissolving drug, was developed in the New Jersey labs of pharmaceutical giant Hoffman-LaRoche by Dr. Leo Sternbach, who had also synthesized the compound that came on the market as Librium in 1960. Librium had been developed to compete with a rival company's popular tranquilizer, Miltown. All of these new drugs were targeted at middle-class Americans, many of whom were unlikely to visit a psychologist or psychiatrist for non-threatening depression or anxiety disorders because of the stigma attached to "mental illness." Valium, stronger than Librium and less bitter in taste, acted on the limbic system, the part of the brain that regulates emotional response and reaction. Because it was so potent, it could be formulated into much smaller doses than Librium, and unlike other tranquilizers, soothed without inducing drowsiness.

"Some Roche executives did not expect much of it," wrote Gilbert Cant of the New York Times Magazine about Sternbach's synthesizing of diazepam, "but a couple of them tried it on postmenopausal mothers-in-law whom they found insufferable, and were delighted by its calming effects." Valium came on the market in the United States in 1963. Users were cautioned not to operate heavy machinery or drive a car while taking it, and warnings about mixing it with alcohol were also blatant--the effects of both substances on the central nervous system were doubled when ingested together. Part of Valium's appeal lay in the belief that it was nonaddictive, and unlike other tranquilizers, almost impossible to be taken in a lethal dose by a suicidal person.
In individuals who take valium for prolonged periods, frequent liver function tests should be done and the dose of valium adjusted if there is liver impairment. The possibility of liver damage should always be considered, especially in individuals using valium and other over the counter analgesics and/or alcohol.

Some individuals may have a paradoxical reaction to valium and have worseing of their anxiety and suicidal thoughts. Initial monitoring of all patients during the start of therapy is recommended.

Valium should never be stopped abruptly after long term use. Withdrawal symptoms, similar in signs and symptoms to those observed with barbiturates and alcohol (eg, insomnia, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension, convulsions, psychosis, tremor, cramps, vomiting and hyperanxiety) do occur when valium is abruptly discontinued. Onset of the withdrawal syndrome after prolonged heavy use of valium might be delayed, although withdrawal from short duration use often presents early.
Some of the withdrawal symptoms are identical to the symptoms for which the medication was originally prescribed. The ability to determine the difference between relapse and rebound is very important during the withdrawal phase.